Dental implant surgery has an incredibly high success rate and is an excellent tooth-replacement solution for many patients. Unfortunately, not all patients are a good candidate for dental implants and there is a risk for long-term complications. Potential complications and long-term problems associated with the implant procedure are summarized below.
Dental implants are an excellent solution used to replace missing teeth. The implant contains a screw-like component which is typically made of titanium. The dentist or oral surgeon surgically places the implant directly into the jawbone, where it replaces the tooth’s root. During the healing process, the implant fuses to the jawbone and forms an incredibly strong base. Once the healing process is complete, the implant is able to support the crown. Some of the key benefits associated with dental implants include the following:
1. Restore the tooth’s appearance
2. Improve and restore function of the tooth
3. Stabilize the jawbone and surrounding teeth
4. Prevent bone and tooth loss
While dental implants are an excellent tooth-replacement option, there is a potential for complications. Possible complications associated with dental implants are summarized below.
Infection
Perhaps the most common complication associated with implants is an infection at the implant site. Treatment for an infection will vary based on the location and severity of the issue. A bacterial infection in the gums, for example, may require simple antibiotics or a tissue graft. Bacterial infection in the bone, however, may require more complicated treatment. The infected bone tissue typically requires removal and the implant in some cases. This is usually followed by a bone and/or soft tissue graft.
Receding Gums
Patients may experience the recession of gum tissue near the implant site following the procedure. In many cases, this results in pain and inflammation. Prompt detection of the issue and treatment are critical in preserving the implant.
Loose Implant
Immediately following the implant procedure, the implant actually fuses to the jawbone through a process called osseointegration. This process is vital to the implants’ long-term success. It can take several months for the body to fully heal following the placement of the implant.
If the implant does not fuse to the bone as expected, it may require removal. After the gums heal, the patient may be able to reattempt the implant procedure but will need to discuss this with their dentist.
Tissue or Nerve Damage
It is possible for the dentist or oral surgeon to accidentally place a dental implant too close to a nerve. This often results in numbness, tingling, or discomfort. While short-term symptoms are more common, it is also possible for patients to experience long-term symptoms as well. Nerve or tissue damage requires immediate treatment as it can be serious. One serious risk is damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), which is located in the lower jaw. Symptoms of an injury to the IAN include the following:
1. Continual numbness next to the implant which may be present in the lower lip or chin
2. Ongoing pain or discomfort
3. A tingling, tickling, or even burning sensation in the skin or gums
While it is less common, it is also possible for an implant to result in complications associated with the sinuses. Implants which are specifically placed in the upper jaw can protrude into the sinus cavities. This can cause inflammation of the sinuses or sinusitis. Below are common symptoms associated with sinusitis:
- Pain, tenderness, or swelling in the cheeks, eyes, or forehead
- Nasal mucus which is green or yellow
- Stuffy or blocked nose
- Limited sense of smell
- Sinus headaches
- Fever
- Toothache
- Halitosis or bad breath